Peacock Bass “Mono” (PBass Mono): The Powerful Freshwater Predator

Characteristics

The Peacock Bass “Mono” (Cichla monoculus) is a large, predatory freshwater fish renowned for its aggressive hunting behavior, vibrant coloration, and powerful build. Often sought after by advanced aquarists and anglers, this species is one of the most popular in the Cichla genus, commonly referred to as PBass Mono in the aquarium trade.

• Scientific Name: Cichla monoculus
• Common Name: Peacock Bass Mono, PBass Mono
• Natural Habitat: Slow-moving rivers, lakes, and floodplains in South America
• Behavior: Aggressive, territorial, and fast-swimming
• Tank Size: Minimum 150 gallons (for juveniles), 300+ gallons (for adults)
• Ideal Water Parameters:
  • pH: 6.5 – 7.5
  • Hardness: 4 – 12 dGH
  • Temperature: 75 – 86°F (24 – 30°C)
• Care Level: Advanced

Origin and Distribution

The PBass Mono is native to South America, primarily found in the Amazon River Basin, Orinoco Basin, and Brazilian floodplains. It thrives in warm, slow-moving waters with abundant prey. Due to its popularity in sport fishing and the aquarium trade, it has been introduced to various regions, including Florida and Southeast Asia, where it has adapted to local waterways.

Colors and Markings

The Peacock Bass Mono is recognized for its:

• Golden-yellow body with a metallic sheen
• Dark lateral blotches or bars along the sides
• Bright red or orange coloration on the lower fins and tail
• Distinctive black ocellus (“eye spot”) on the caudal fin, resembling a peacock’s feather

As they mature, their colors intensify, and their head shape becomes more pronounced, especially in males.

Tankmates

Since PBass Mono are large, aggressive predators, they require carefully chosen tankmates that can match their size and temperament. Suitable companions include:

• Large Catfish (Redtail Catfish, Tiger Shovelnose Catfish)
• Other Peacock Bass species (Cichla temensis, Cichla ocellaris)
• Arowanas (Silver Arowana, Black Arowana)
• Giant Gouramis
• Large Plecos (Sailfin Pleco, Common Pleco)

Avoid housing them with small fish, as they will immediately be seen as prey.

Care Requirements

PBass Mono require large aquariums with excellent filtration and strong water flow to mimic their natural habitat. Key considerations include:

• Filtration: High-capacity canister filters or sump filtration to handle their bio-load.
• Oxygenation: Strong water circulation using powerheads or air stones.
• Substrate & Decor: Large driftwood, rocky caves, and open swimming space for their active nature.
• Lighting: Moderate lighting enhances their natural colors.

Perform frequent water changes (30-50% weekly) to maintain water quality and prevent ammonia spikes.

Diet and Feeding

The Peacock Bass Mono is a voracious carnivore, requiring a high-protein diet to sustain its growth and energy levels. Recommended foods include:

• Live/Frozen Foods: Feeder fish (only quarantine-bred), shrimp, crickets, mealworms
• Prepared Foods: High-quality pellets formulated for large predatory fish
• Fresh Meats: Chopped fish fillets, prawns, or squid

Avoid feeding them goldfish or wild-caught fish, as these can introduce parasites or nutritional deficiencies.

Gender Differences

Males and females appear similar, but mature males may develop:

• A more pronounced nuchal hump (forehead bump)
• Slightly brighter coloration during breeding

Breeding

Breeding PBass Mono in captivity is challenging due to their aggressive nature and large space requirements.

Breeding Process:

1. Set up a large breeding tank (minimum 500 gallons).
2. Introduce a bonded pair, ensuring enough space to reduce aggression.
3. Provide flat surfaces (like large rocks) for spawning.
4. After spawning, parents guard eggs and fry, but may become territorial.
5. Feed fry baby brine shrimp and finely crushed pellets.

Breeding successfully requires patience and careful monitoring of water conditions.

Additional Resources

For more insights on PBass care and predatory fishkeeping, check out:

• How to Set Up a Predator Tank
• Best Feeding Practices for Large Carnivorous Fish
• Breeding Peacock Bass: Tips and Challenges

The Peacock Bass Mono is a thrilling species for advanced aquarists who love large, dynamic fish. With the right tank setup and care, they can be a stunning and dominant presence in any predator aquarium!