Senegal Bichir: Species Profile

The Senegal Bichir (Polypterus senegalus), also known as the Gray Bichir or Dinosaur Eel, is a unique freshwater fish celebrated for its prehistoric appearance and hardy nature. Originating from the freshwater systems of West and Central Africa, this species is a fascinating addition to the aquarium hobby, appealing to enthusiasts interested in ancient fish lineages.

Species Overview

• Common Names: Senegal Bichir, Gray Bichir, Dinosaur Eel
• Scientific Name: Polypterus senegalus
• Adult Size: Up to 14 inches (35 cm)
• Life Expectancy: 10 to 15 years

Characteristics

• Family: Polypteridae
• Origin: West and Central Africa
• Social: Generally peaceful; can be predatory towards smaller fish
• Tank Level: Bottom
• Minimum Tank Size: 50 gallons
• Diet: Carnivore
• Breeding: Egglayer; challenging in captivity
• Care Level: Intermediate
• pH: 6.0 to 8.0
• Hardness: 5 to 20 dGH
• Temperature: 75–82°F (24–28°C)

Origin and Distribution

Senegal Bichirs are native to the freshwater rivers, lakes, and swamps of West and Central Africa, including countries like Senegal, Nigeria, and Cameroon. They inhabit slow-moving waters with abundant vegetation and muddy substrates, providing ample hiding spots and hunting grounds.

Colors and Markings

This species features an elongated, cylindrical body covered in thick, bony scales, giving it a prehistoric appearance. The coloration ranges from gray to brown, often with a subtle mottled pattern. They possess a series of dorsal finlets and large pectoral fins, which they use to “walk” along the substrate.

Tankmates

Senegal Bichirs are generally peaceful but are opportunistic predators. They can coexist with similarly sized or larger, non-aggressive fish. Suitable tankmates include:

• Large tetras
• Cichlids
• Catfish
• Other bichir species

Avoid housing them with small fish or invertebrates, as these may be viewed as prey.

Habitat and Care

To replicate their natural habitat:

• Tank Setup: Provide a spacious aquarium with a secure lid, as Bichirs are known to be escape artists. Incorporate hiding spots using driftwood, rocks, and dense vegetation to mimic their natural environment.
• Water Parameters: Maintain stable water conditions within the recommended pH and hardness ranges. Regular water changes and efficient filtration are crucial to ensure optimal health.
• Substrate: A soft, sandy substrate is ideal, allowing them to exhibit natural behaviors without damaging their sensitive underbelly.

Diet and Feeding

As obligate carnivores, Senegal Bichirs thrive on a diet consisting of:

• Live or frozen foods such as shrimp, bloodworms, and small fish
• Sinking carnivorous pellets
• Occasional earthworms or insects

Feed them once daily, offering only what they can consume within a few minutes to prevent overfeeding and maintain water quality.

Gender Differences

Determining gender in Senegal Bichirs can be challenging. Males typically have a broader anal fin compared to females, but this distinction is subtle and may require close observation.

Breeding

Breeding Senegal Bichirs in captivity is rare and challenging:

• Breeding Tank: A large, well-planted tank with soft water conditions is essential.
• Spawning: The female scatters eggs among vegetation, which the male fertilizes. There is no parental care, and adults may eat the eggs if not separated.
• Raising Fry: Eggs hatch within a few days, and fry can be fed with infusoria or commercially prepared fry food until they are large enough to accept larger prey.

Further Research

For those interested in similar species, consider exploring:

• Ornate Bichir (Polypterus ornatipinnis)
• Delhezi Bichir (Polypterus delhezi)
• Rope Fish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus)

These species share comparable care requirements but may exhibit differences in size and appearance.

FAQ

• How large of a tank is needed for a Senegal Bichir? A minimum of 50 gallons is recommended to accommodate their size and activity level.
• Are Senegal Bichirs suitable for beginners? While hardy, their specific care requirements and potential size make them more suitable for aquarists with some experience.
• Can Senegal Bichirs live with other fish? Yes, they can coexist with similarly sized or larger, non-aggressive fish. However, avoid housing them with small fish or invertebrates, as these may be viewed as prey.

By providing appropriate care and a suitable environment, Senegal Bichirs can be a fascinating and rewarding addition to a freshwater aquarium.