Borneo Sucker: Fish Species Profile

Species Overview

The Borneo Sucker (Gastromyzon spp.), also known as the Hillstream Loach or Butterfly Loach, is a small freshwater fish native to the fast-flowing streams of Borneo. Renowned for its unique appearance and specialized adaptations, it is a fascinating addition to well-maintained aquariums that can replicate its natural habitat.

• Common Names: Borneo Sucker, Hillstream Loach, Butterfly Loach
• Scientific Name: Gastromyzon spp.
• Adult Size: Up to 2 inches (5 cm)
• Life Expectancy: 3–4 years

Characteristics

• Family: Gastromyzontidae
• Origin: Borneo, Southeast Asia
• Social: Peaceful, best kept in groups
• Tank Level: Bottom dweller
• Minimum Tank Size: 20 gallons
• Diet: Omnivore
• Breeding: Difficult in captivity
• Care Level: Intermediate
• pH: 6.5–8.0
• Hardness: 2–15 dGH
• Temperature: 65–77°F (18–25°C)

Origin and Distribution

Borneo Suckers are endemic to the island of Borneo, inhabiting swift, shallow streams with clear, oxygen-rich water. They are typically found clinging to rocks in riffles and runs, often above or below cascades and waterfalls.

Colors and Markings

These fish exhibit a flattened body with a broad head and a sucker-like mouth adapted for adhering to surfaces in fast currents. Their coloration varies among species but generally includes shades of brown or gray with distinctive spots or patterns, aiding in camouflage against rocky substrates.

Tankmates

Borneo Suckers are peaceful and can coexist with other non-aggressive species that thrive in similar conditions. Suitable tankmates include:

• Small, peaceful cyprinids such as Danios and Rasboras
• Other hillstream loaches
• Small catfish like Otocinclus

Avoid housing them with large or aggressive fish that may outcompete them for food or territory.

Habitat and Care

To replicate their natural environment:

• Tank Size: A minimum of 20 gallons is recommended to provide sufficient space and water volume.
• Substrate: Use smooth gravel or sand with an array of water-worn rocks and cobbles to create hiding spots and surfaces for grazing.
• Water Movement: Install a strong filtration system or powerheads to simulate the fast-flowing streams of their natural habitat.
• Oxygenation: Ensure high oxygen levels through surface agitation and, if necessary, additional aeration.
• Lighting: Moderate to high lighting can encourage algae growth, providing a natural food source.

Maintaining stable water parameters and a clean environment is crucial for their well-being.

Diet and Feeding

In the wild, Borneo Suckers primarily feed on algae and biofilm. In captivity, their diet can include:

• Algae and biofilm present in the tank
• High-quality algae wafers
• Blanched vegetables like spinach and cucumber
• Live or frozen foods such as bloodworms and brine shrimp (offered sparingly)

Encouraging natural algae growth on rocks and tank surfaces can provide a continuous food source.

Gender Differences

Sexual dimorphism is subtle in Borneo Suckers. Males may exhibit slightly more pronounced coloration and fin extensions, but distinguishing sexes can be challenging without close observation.

Breeding

Breeding Borneo Suckers in captivity is considered very difficult due to their specific environmental needs and complex breeding behaviors. There are limited reports of successful breeding in home aquariums.

Further Research

For more information on similar species and care techniques, consider exploring:

• Hillstream Loach (Beaufortia kweichowensis)
• Sewellia Loach (Sewellia lineolata)
• Stiphodon Gobies

FAQ

How many Borneo Suckers should I keep together?
It’s best to keep them in groups of at least 4–6 individuals to encourage natural behaviors and reduce stress.

Are Borneo Suckers suitable for beginners?
Due to their specific care requirements, including the need for high oxygen levels and strong water flow, they are more suitable for aquarists with some experience.

What is the ideal tank setup for Borneo Suckers?
A well-oxygenated tank with strong water movement, smooth rocks for grazing, and stable water parameters closely mimics their natural habitat and helps them thrive.

This profile provides essential information for successfully keeping and enjoying Borneo Suckers in your aquarium.